N4374B datasheet(3/18 Pages) HP

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Agilent N4374B Applications

In photonic CATV or RoF transmission systems, it is neces-

sary to design and qualify subcomponents like direct modu-

lated lasers and receivers, which are analog by nature, with

different parameters. Those parameters are core to the over-

all system performance.

These electro-optical components signiﬁcantly inﬂuence the

overall performance of the transmission system via the fol-

lowing parameters:

3dB bandwidth of the electro-optical transmission

Relative frequency response, quantifying the electro-

optical shape of the conversion.

Absolute frequency response, relating to the conver-

sion efﬁciency of signals from the input to the output,

or indicating the gain of a receiver.

Electrical reﬂection at the RF port

Group delay of the electro-optical transfer function

Only a careful design of these electro-optical components

over a wide modulation signal bandwidth guarantees suc-

cessful operation in the transmission system.

Electro-optical components

The frequency response of ampliﬁed or unampliﬁed detector

diodes, modulators and directly modulated lasers typically

depends on various parameters, like bias voltages, optical

input power, operating current and ambient temperature. To

determine the optimum operating point of these devices, an

LCA helps by making a fast characterization of the electro-

optic transfer function while optimizing these operating

conditions. In parallel the LCA also measures the electrical

return loss.

In manufacturing it is important to be able to monitor the

processes regularly to keep up the throughput and yield. In

this case the LCA is the tool of choice to monitor transmis-

sion characteristics and absolute responsivity of the manu-

factured device. The remote control of the N4374B offers an-

other tool to improve the productivity by making automated

measurements and analysis of the measured data.

Electrical components

Electrical components such as ampliﬁers, ﬁlters and trans-

mission lines are used in modern transmission systems and

require characterization to ensure optimal performance.

Typical measurements are bandwidth, insertion loss or gain,

impedance match and group delay. The new switched archi-

tecture offers direct access to the electrical outputs and in-

puts of the network-analyzers just by selecting electrical- to

electrical measurement mode in the LCA user interface.

Agilent N4374B Features

Turnkey solution

In today’s highly competitive environment, short time-to-

market with high quality is essential for new products. In-

stead of developing a home-grown measurement solution

which takes a lot of time and is limited in transferability and

support, a fully speciﬁed and supported solution helps to fo-

cus resources on faster development and on optimizing the

manufacturing process.

In the N4374B all optical and electrical components are

carefully selected and matched to each other to minimize

noise and ripple in the measurement traces. Together with

the temperature stabilized environment of the core com-

ponents, this improves the repeatability and the accuracy

of the overall system. Extended factory calibration data at

various optical power levels ensures accurate and reliable

measurements that can only be achieved with an integrated

solution like the N4374B.

Easy calibration

An LCA essentially measures the conversion relation be-

tween optical and electrical signals. This is why user cali-

bration of such systems can evolve into a time consuming

task. With the new calibration process implemented in the

N4374B, the tasks that have to be done by the user are re-

duced to one pure electrical calibration. The calibration with

an electrical calibration module is automated and needs

only minimal manual interaction. With the minimum loss

pad (MLP) which is part of the LCA shipment the impedance

match from 50 Ohm LCA system to 75 Ohm test device can

be realized in an easy way. The correction for the 75 Ohm

impedance is enabled with one button in the LCA software

which uses default data to correct the MLP transfer behav-

ior. For higher accuracy an individual calibration of the MLP

can be realized with the adaptor removal tool which is part

of each ENA-C

Built-in performance veriﬁcation

Sometimes it is necessary to make a quick veriﬁcation of the

validity of the calibration and the performance of the system.

The N4374B’s unique calibration process allows the user to

perform a self-test without external reference devices. This

gives full conﬁdence that the system performance is within

the user’s required uncertainty bands.

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