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Integral nonlinearity

error (INL)

Actual A/D conversion

characteristic

Ideal A/D conversion

characteristic

Analog input voltage

Offset error

Absolute accuracy

Differential nonlinearity error (DNL)

Full-scale error

0xFFF

0x000

Ideal line of actual A/D

conversion characteristic

1-LSB width for ideal A/D

conversion characteristic

Differential nonlinearity error (DNL)

1-LSB width for ideal A/D

conversion characteristic

VREFH0

(full-scale)

A/D converter

output code

Figure 2.54

Illustration of ADC12 characteristic terms

Absolute accuracy

Absolute accuracy is the difference between output code based on the theoretical A/D conversion characteristics, and the

actual A/D conversion result. When measuring absolute accuracy, the voltage at the midpoint of the width of the analog

input voltage (1-LSB width), which can meet the expectation of outputting an equal code based on the theoretical A/D

conversion characteristics, is used as an analog input voltage. For example, if 12-bit resolution is used and the reference

voltage VREFH0 = 3.072 V, then the 1-LSB width becomes 0.75 mV, and 0 mV, 0.75 mV, and 1.5 mV are used as the

analog input voltages. If the analog input voltage is 6 mV, an absolute accuracy of ±5 LSB means that the actual A/D

conversion result is in the range of 0x003 to 0x00D, though an output code of 0x008 can be expected from the theoretical

A/D conversion characteristics.

Integral nonlinearity error (INL)

Integral nonlinearity error is the maximum deviation between the ideal line when the measured offset and full-scale errors

are zeroed, and the actual output code.

Differential nonlinearity error (DNL)

Differential nonlinearity error is the difference between the 1-LSB width based on the ideal A/D conversion characteristics

and the width of the actual output code.

RA4M3 Datasheet

2. Electrical Characteristics

R01DS0368EJ0120 Rev.1.20

Dec 2, 2020

Page 66 of 92

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